Drug-Drug Interaction


VALPROIC ACID/LAMOTRIGINE

MECHANISM OF ACTION
Valproic acid decreases the clearance of lamotrigine.(1)

DISCUSSION
In clinical trials, 6 of 584 (1%) of patients who received lamotrigine with valproate were hospitalized with rash. Only 4 of 2398 patients who received lamotrigine without valproate were hospitalized. In pediatric patients receiving concurrent valproate, 1.2% experienced a serious rash compared with 0.6% of those not receiving concurrent therapy. (1)

CLINICAL EFFECTS
Concurrent therapy results in increased levels of lamotrigine, requiring dosage adjustments. Valproic acid levels may also decrease over the first three weeks of therapy. Coadministration of valproic acid may increase the risk of potentially life-threatening lamotrigine-induced rashes.(1)

SEVERITY LEVEL
2-Severe Interaction: Action is required to reduce the risk of severe adverse interaction.

PATIENT MANAGEMENT
The dosage of lamotrigine should be reduced during concurrent administration of valproic acid. Refer to the current manufacturer's prescribing information for lamotrigine for dosing guidelines for patients receiving concurrent lamotrigine and valproic acid therapy.(1)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS
The incidence of lamotrigine-induced rash has been shown to be higher in pediatric patients. Although yet to proven, exceeding the recommended dosage for lamotrigine or exceeding the recommended dose escalation for lamotrigine may also increase the risk for lamotrigine-induced rash.(1)

REFERENCES

  1. Lamictal (lamotrigine) US prscribing information. GlaxoSmithKline April, .Lamictal (lamotrigine) US prscribing information. GlaxoSmithKline April, 2009.
  2. Li LM, Russo M, O'Donoghue MF, Duncan JS, Sander JW. Allergic skin rash .Li LM, Russo M, O'Donoghue MF, Duncan JS, Sander JW. Allergic skin rash with lamotrigine and concomitant valproate therapy: evidence for an increased risk. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 1996 Mar;54(1):47-9.
  3. Farrell K, Connolly MB, Munn R, Peng S, MacWilliam LM. Prospective, .Farrell K, Connolly MB, Munn R, Peng S, MacWilliam LM. Prospective, open-label, add-on study of lamotrigine in 56 children with intractable generalized epilepsy. Pediatr Neurol 1997 Apr;16(3):201-5.
  4. Anderson GD, Yau MK, Gidal BE, Harris SJ, Levy RH, Lai AA, Wolf KB, Wargin .Anderson GD, Yau MK, Gidal BE, Harris SJ, Levy RH, Lai AA, Wolf KB, Wargin WA, Dren AT. Bidirectional interaction of valproate and lamotrigine in healthy subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1996 Aug;60(2):145-56.